在河南省对口升学英语试题中最后一道大题是翻译句子，5道小题，每题4分，共20分，占比1/5。这道题相当重要，对于很大比例的同学来说，这个题干脆就放弃了，这是非常可惜的。

我们先来看一下考纲对考生翻译句子的能力要求：

考纲要求：考生能用所学的词汇及语法结构，将所给的汉语译成英语，要求用词准确、结构完整、无语法和拼写错误。

从考纲要求来看，要求考生必须具备一定的活词汇量以及语法结构的相关知识基础。

活词汇量就是要求考生针对词汇中黑体词部分要会造句。

语法结构包括句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补或主补），句子结构（简单句、并列句和复合句），词法（名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词、介词、冠词、数词、连词和感叹词）和句法（三种基本句子结构的具体用法）。

再看一下高考阅卷时给出的翻译句子的评分标准：

2024年对口高考英语翻译句子评分说明：

     1．时态、句子结构正确，无拼写错误，给4分。

     2．时态、句子结构基本正确，有个别拼写错误，给3分。

     3．时态、句子结构错误，有明显的拼写错误，给2分。

     4．时态、句子结构错误，有大量的拼写错误，酌情给分。

     另：以上翻译并非唯一正确答案，仅供参考。

从以上评分标准来看，强调的三个方面，一是时态，二是句子结构，三是单词拼写。

这与考纲中要求是一致的，甚至相比较考纲来说，要求还降低了一些，对于词法来说，仅仅要求动词时态的使用正确。

分析了考纲对翻译句子的要求和高考题翻译句子的评分标准之后，我们就有了明确的复习方向。

要具体做到以下方面：

• 要求对于所有的黑体词要会拼写并且会用，特别是词组，要会用词组造句，不会造句的就参照课后注释句子死记硬背。
• 掌握动词的8种基本时态用法，尤其是各种时态动词的形式。

句子结构知识

1.句子成分知识，知道常用的句子成分，主、谓、宾、表、定、状语等。

2.简单句6种基本形式

• （1）主谓结构 She went home very late yesterday evening.
• （2）主谓宾结构 They have carried out the plan successfully.

 The nurse will take good care of your father.

（3）主系表结构  Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.

（4）主谓双宾结构  Would you please pass me the dictionary?

（5）主谓复合宾语结构 We will make our school more beautiful.

（6）There be 结构 There used to be a cinema here before the war.

3、并列句的常见结构

1) Not only I but also Jane and Mary are tired of having on examination one after another.

2) The teacher put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased.

3) I didn’t understand the question, but the teacher explained it to me.

4) Work hard,  and you’ll be successful in time.

5) Get ready, or you won’t pass the test.

复合句的常见结构

常见结构分为以下三大类：

一、名词性从句（Nominal Clause）

作用相当于名词，可充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。  

引导词：that, whether, if, what, who, whom, whose, which, when, where, why, how等。  

1.主语从句  

 That she left without saying goodbye surprised everyone.  

 What you need is more practice.  

2.宾语从句  

 I believe that you can solve the problem.  

 She asked if/whether I would attend the meeting.  

3.表语从句  

 The truth is that he never loved her.  

 My concern is how we can finish on time.  

4.同位语从句  

 The news that they won the match spread quickly.  

 We have no idea why he resigned.  

二、形容词性从句（Adjective Clause，定语从句）

修饰主句中的名词或代词，分为限制性和非限制性两种。  

引导词：who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why等。  

1.限制性定语从句（无逗号分隔）  

 The man who is sitting there is my teacher.  

 This is the book (that) I borrowed from the library.  

2.非限制性定语从句（用逗号分隔）  

 My sister, who works in Beijing, is visiting next week.  

 The house, which was built in 1900, needs repairs.  

三、副词性从句（Adverbial Clause，状语从句）

修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词，表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的等。  

常见类型及引导词：  

1.时间状语从句：when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, once  

 I’ll call you when I arrive.  

 She was reading while her brother was playing games.  

2.条件状语从句：if, unless, provided (that), as long as  

 You’ll pass the exam if you study hard.  

 Unless it rains, we’ll go hiking.  

3.原因状语从句：because, since, as, now that  

 He didn’t come because he was ill.  

 Now that you’re here, let’s start.  

4.让步状语从句：though, although, even though, despite the fact that  

 Though she’s young, she’s very independent.  

 Even though it was cold, he went swimming.  

5.目的状语从句：so that, in order that, to（省略主语时）  

 She studied hard so that she could pass the test.  

 I got up early to catch the bus.  

6.结果状语从句：so...that, such...that  

 He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.  

 It was such a good movie that I watched it twice.  

7.地点状语从句：where, wherever  

 I’ll follow you wherever you go.  

 Put the book where it was.  

8.方式状语从句：as, like, as if  

 Do as I told you.  

 He acts as if he were the boss.  

9.比较状语从句：than, as...as  

 She is taller than her sister.  

 He runs as fast as a cheetah.  

翻译句子时应注意的四大问题和四个小细节问题。

• 动词时态
• 句子结构
• 单词拼写
• 词的形式
• 1、谓语动词的形式，根据时态而做相应变化。
• 2.非谓语动词的形式，不定式加to, 现在分词ing,过去分词加ed或遵循不规则变化等。
• 3.名词的单复数形式和穿靴（是否变复数加s）戴帽（是否加冠词和形容词性物主代词）
• 4.形容词与副词的比较级和最高级形式

考生在翻译句子的过程中以及在检查错误的过程中都要从以上这几个问题上去考虑，才能做到万无一失，确保翻译句子少失分，得满分。